Kentucky Mine Mapping Information System

Source maps are provided to the Kentucky Division of Mine Safety (DMS) by the mining companies or their engineers in accordance with KRS 352.450. The accuracy of the source maps has not been verified beyond any certifications that may appear on the original paper map.

Each map is accompanied by a processing metadata file that provides information on how the map was handled during each step of scanning and geoprocessing. This metadata file is formatted in ASCII text and is named as follows:

mapname.txt

and contains the following information:

Scanning and Initial Processing Metadata
1. Scanning:
  
  Scanned Images of the original mine maps have been created by scanning the original maps on a large format scanner at a resolution of 200, 300, or 400 dpi using 24 bit RGB color, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format. A small percentage of maps too large to be scanned by a single pass are either folded or sliced into the minimum number of sections required to cover the entire map area, and the resulting image files are "stitched" (merged digitally) to form a single image.
  MapName=18701_2008L_20080117
  SourceScannerName=Minescan2
  SourceImageFileFormat=JPEG
  SourceImageDateTime=2/18/2008 3:13:42 PM
2. Stage1 Clean-up
  
  All map images are cropped, rotated to a text up readable position, and checked for errors during Stage1 Clean-up prior to being saved to archive.
  Stage1CleanupUser=UserName
  Stage1CleanupCPU=MINEMAPPER8
  Stage1CleanupDateTime=2/19/2008 9:02:09 AM
At this point the map jpg image file is suitable for archiving purposes and is considered the master image document.
Geoprocessing

Geoprocessing requires additional image editing to prepare the map image for suitable use in a geographic information systems (GIS) or computer aided design (CAD) environment. This additional editing includes removal of background 'noise' usually caused by deterioration of the map media, and enhancing faded linework so that features are easily readable. Another benefit of this cleanup work is the resulting image background being comprised of pixels having the same color value, thus facilitating lossless image file compression.
1. Stage2 Clean-up
  
  Additional image processing is applied to a copy of the achived map image prior to registration and georeferencing of map images. Quality control checks are conducted during this step as well.
  Stage2CleanupUser=UserName
  Stage2CleanupCPU=MINEMAPPER8
  Stage2CleanupDateTime=2/19/2008 11:51:01 AM
2. Colormap Indexing
  
  The image resulting from the Stage2 Clean-up process is then color processed to an 8 bit index, 128 color adaptive palette Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) which results in all colors comprising the original map image being reduced to a best fit 128 color scheme for that particular map. The map image is also resampled to 200 dpi to reduce the computational resources required to view the image in a geographical computer environment.
  MapFinalResolutionDPI=200
  MapScanResolutionDPI=300
  MapScanWidthInches=35.600
  MapScanHeightInches=19.843
  OriginalColorMode=RGB
  ColormapCPU=EPGISBATCH
  ColormapDateTime=2/19/2008 9:51:19 PM
3. Geolocating - Map Registration
  
  The registration and georeferencing metadata accompanying the online maps will give a very good indication as to map accuracy. A basic assumption of the system is that the survey was done well by the mining company or engineer. Accuracy is totally dependent on this survey. The following items should be considered:
  1. Map Coordinate System
    
    If the map image contains geographic (lat-long) positions and either annotated coordinate system graticules or annotated control points, then the discreet points and their respective coordinates are used to register the map. Coordinate systems that coincide with known standard coordinate systems (UTM or State Plane) are directly converted to the KY1Z system and those that are considered as local systems are shifted to KY1Z values using positions annotated with their respective latitude and longitude values. The resulting georeferenced map will preserve the mapping scale as realized on the source paper map; however, the accuracy of its positioning within the KY1Z State Plane Coordinate Sysytem (SPCS) will not exceed the National Mapping Accuracy Standards (NMAS) for the USGS 1:24,000 Topographic Quadrangle maps as achieved by the Kentucky Raster Graphic (KRG) dataset. The metadata will contain one of the following three sections and indicates the maps original coordinate sytem prior to transformation to the NAD83 Kentucky Single Zone SPCS (KY1Z):
    1. Metadata for Known Map Projection Grids (SPC, UTM, or Georeferenced Company Grids):
      
      RegistrationDateTime=2/20/2008 12:49:40 PM
      RegistrationUserName=UserName
      RegistrationCPU=MINEMAPPER2
      RegistrationType=MapCoordinateSystem
      MapCoordinateSystem=KentuckySouthZone
      MapDatum=NAD27
      MapUnits=USFt
      MapScale=200
      MapGridSpacing=1000
    2. Metadata for Local System
      
      RegistrationDateTime=12/22/2004 2:36:35PM
      RegistrationUserName=UserName
      RegistrationCPU=MINEMAPPER3
      RegistrationType=MapCoordinateSystem
      MapCoordinateSystem=LocalSystem
      MapDatum=None
      MapUnits=AssumedFeet
      X_Translation=5,939,355
      Y_Translation=3,737,112
      MapUnits=USFt
      MapScale=100
      MapGridSpacing=1000
    3. Metadata for Geographic (Latitude - Longitude) Positioning
      
      RegistrationDateTime=10/16/2006 8:50:47 AM
      RegistrationUserName=UserName
      ImageRegistrationCPU=MINEMAPPER8
      RegistrationType=LatLongPosition
      MapScale=400
      ImageUPixel=3785.7
      ImageVPixel=1039.9
      MapLatitudeNorth=37° 18' 11.5" (37.30319444°)
      MapLongitudeWest=82° 28' 34.0" (82.47611111°)
      KY1Z_Northing=3650719.78
      KY1Z_Easting=5873318.93
  2. Image to Map Coordinate System Registration Table
    
    Review the last column labeled Residual (ft). This reflects the error in feet that points selected on the raw image during the registration process may deviate from the mine grid. The lower the number, the better the accuracy. The RMSE is a statistically weighted average of the individual sample errors.
    
    If the metadata does not have this table, the map does not have a local grid and you have a map image in which the scaling relative to the original survey may be suspect.
```
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Image -> Map Coordinate System Registration Table
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Image_X  Image_Y     Map        Map      KY1Z-Ft    KY1Z-Ft   Residual
Point   pixel    pixel    Northing   Easting    Northing   Easting     (ft)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1     6279     3651    371000.0  2867000.0  3652080.1  5788265.0      1.0
   2     4283     3651    371000.0  2865000.0  3652079.3  5786265.0      0.4
   3     2291      645    374000.0  2863000.0  3655078.5  5784263.8      0.7
   4     5285      644    374000.0  2866000.0  3655079.8  5787263.8      1.4
   5     3287     2649    372000.0  2864000.0  3653078.9  5785264.6      0.3
   6     6277     2652    372000.0  2867000.0  3653080.1  5788264.6      2.6
   7     5281     3651    371000.0  2866000.0  3652079.7  5787265.0      0.8
=============================================================================
                                                               RMSE      1.2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Registered Image (u,v) -> KY1Z (x,y) affine transform:
x = Ux * u + Uy * v + Tx
y = Vx * u + Vy * v + Ty
Ux = 1.00250829
Vx = 0.00060275
Uy = 0.00144282
Vy = -0.99788572
Tx = 5781965.73326712
Ty = 3655720.49915608
```
  3. Registration KRG Adjustment
    
    RegistrationKRGAdjustment=True
    
    When this value is present and set to True it indicates that the basis of map geopositioning is not supported by a georeferenced coordinate system such as a standard map projection (SPC or UTM) or a local (company) control grid that has been georeferenced. In these cases the map image was geopositioned by relating features appearing on the map to commensurate features appearing either on the Kentucky Raster Graphic (KRG) dataset or other digital imaging products such as the scanned Geologic Quadrangles (GQ), Kentucky Digital Ortho Quads (DOQQ), Farm Service Agency NAIP (FSA/NAIP) photoimagery, etc.
    
    The RegistrationKRGAdjustmentType parameter indicates how the map image was related to various georeferenced digital map products. This parameter has the following three possibilities:
    1. LinkTableWithMapGridOrScaleHeldRigid
      
      Several features appearing on the map were correlated to commensurate features appearing on various georeferenced digital map products, however, the map scale as determined by a previous registration operation was held static and the resulting statistical transformation only includes translation (shifting) and rotation components.
      
      When this option is used it will be accompanied by a registration table indicating how well the features were registered.
    2. LinkTableWithFitToTopographicFeature
      
      Several features appearing on the map were correlated to commensurate features appearing on various georeferenced digital map products and the map image was fully transformed (translated, scaled, and rotated) based on that particular feature registration.
      
      When this option is used it will be accompanied by a registration table indicating how well the features were registered.
    3. NoLinkTableMapGridOrScaleHeldRigid
      
      The map was manually shifted and rotated, but not re-scaled, so that features appearing on both the map and various georeferenced digital products visually aligned as best as possible. This method is similar to the LinkTableWithMapGridOrScaleHeldRigid method, however, it is based on a manual/visual technique that is not statistically sampled.
Quality Control

RegistrationCheckUserName=UserName
RegistrationCheckCPU=MINEMAPPER2
RegistrationCheckDateTime=2/20/2008 1:49:36 PM

Rectified World File:

Georectified Image (u,v) -> KY1Z (x,y) world file affine transform.
Ux = 1.00000
Vx = 0.00000
Uy = 0.00000
Vy = -1.00000
Tx = 5781965.50000
Ty = 3655724.50000
Summary of Map Image Properties
1. Image Properties
  
  RectifiedCellsize=1.00
  RectifiedDateTime=2/20/2008 10:17:59 PM
  RectifiedCPU=EPGISBATCH
  RectifiedImageFileFormat=GeoTiff/ESRI
  RectifiedImageByteOrder=IBM
  RectifiedImageCompressionScheme=PackBits
  RectifiedImageColorMode=Indexed(8-bit)
  RectifiedImageXResolution=200
  RectifiedImageYResolution=200
  RectifiedImageWidth=35.720
  RectifiedImageHeight=19.825
  RectifiedImageUnits=Inch
  RectifiedCoordinateSystem=KentuckySingleZone
  RectifiedCoordinateSystemFIPS=1600
  RectifiedDatum=NAD83
  RectifiedUnits=USFt
  RectifiedUnitsToMeters=1200/3937
2. Map Envelope
  
  RectifiedMapEnvelopeKentuckySingleZone:
  LowerLeftCoordinates: x=5781965.00 y=3651760.00
  UpperLeftCoordinates: x=5781965.00 y=3655725.00
  UpperRightCoordinates: x=5789109.00 y=3655725.00
  LowerRightCoordinates: x=5789109.00 y=3651760.00
  RectifiedMapEnvelopeNAD83Geographic:
  LowerLeftCoordinates: ddLat=37.314536N ddLong=82.789802W
  UpperLeftCoordinates: ddLat=37.325420N ddLong=82.789369W
  UpperRightCoordinates: ddLat=37.324795N ddLong=82.764813W
  LowerRightCoordinates: ddLat=37.313911N ddLong=82.765249W
3. Final Quality Control/Quality Assurance Check
  
  RectificationCheckDateTime=21-Feb-08 08:54:57
  RectificationCheckUserName=GISsupervisor
  RectificationCheckCPU=MINEMAPPER6

General Metadata for Scanned Map Images